Guide to the Construction of Sunken Slabs | RCC Construction

Construction of Sunken Slabs | Building Construction

Sunken slabs are used in the toilets, bathrooms and washing place where we have our washing machines. The purpose of having a sunken slab is to conceal all the pipes below the floor. Since the pipes that carry water are concealed below the floor, care has to be taken to avoid leakage problems.

It is seen that people are not much aware of the idea of waterproofing the Sunken slab before the floor finish is done. In this article, we will discuss the method of the construction of Sunken slab and waterproofing technique.

Method of construction of a Sunken Slab

  • The concrete of the R.C.C. (floor and sunken slab) should mixed with a waterproofing material to get a denser, watertight concrete.
  • Then cement and waterproofing material should be diluted in water and splashed onto the RCC sunken slab. Over that a layer of plaster should be provided using a mortar plasticizer with the cement mortar.
  • Brick laying of walls and plastering (prior to tiling) of the walls and floor should be done with cement mortar mixed with a mortar plasticizer.
  • Tile fixing for the floor and walls tiles should be done with non-shrink, waterproof tile adhesives to make the tiled area waterproof.
  • Sanitary pipe joints should be sealed with sealants specially manufactured for Sealing Sanitary joints firmly so that no water can leak through.

Guide to Construction of Terrace Garden | RCC Construction

Construction of Terrace Gardens

People living in Bungalows usually fancy having a Terrace Garden. Some people have their terrace Garden idea incorporated into the design in the construction phase, which is the right time to go for it; whereas some people initiate the construction of a Terrace Garden on a normal flat roof which was not meant to take moisture and weight of the garden.

Construction of a Terrace Garden
Construction of a Terrace Garden

Two major problems arise because of the unmonitored construction of Terrace Gardens:

  1. Development of Cracks in the roof
  2. Leakage of water

Usually, people tend to ignore the fact that the weight imposed on the roof by the Terrace Garden has to be properly waterproofed and taken care of if they wish to avoid further construction problems.

In this article, we will briefly go through the steps for the construction of a Terrace Garden and also the waterproofing technique.

How to construct a Terrace Garden?

Here are the few simple steps for the construction of a terrace garden:

Step one:

After the RCC slab for the terrace garden is laid, take cement and waterproofing material and splash it on the entire slab inorder to cover every corner of the slab with the water-proofing material.

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Importance of Home Insurance Policies | Prevention from Future Damages

How to select Home Insurance Plans?

Home insurance is an important decision to be taken by every family to ensure safety for their property from damage caused by Natural calamities or human activities.

People usually misunderstand the importance of Home Insurance because they consider it to be an investment with no returns. The problem with the people is that they believe that there is nothing bad going to happen for which they have take precautions.

But actually, by avoiding to pay insurance money, they are devoid of prevention from future damages which would involve many times more money than required to pay insurance instalments.

Home Insurance of a Residence
Home Insurance of a Residence

How do Insurance companies function?

The word “insurance” means “protection against future loss”. Insurance companies make insurance policies which would benefit people.

Insurance companies take a certain percentage of money depending on the size of the property every year. You have to pay certain amount of money in instalments every year.

The amount for the instalments also depend on the policy chosen by the you. Make sure that you choose Insurance plans that would meet all your requirements (needs and preferences).

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Conventional Signs or Symbols | Surveying and Levelling

Conventional Signs and Symbols used in Surveying

Here are a few important Conventional Signs and symbols useful in the field of Surveying:

  1. Marsh or Swarm
  2. House
  3. Embankment
  4. Cutting
  5. Single Line Railway
  6. Double Line Railway
  7. Lake or Pond
  8. Road
  9. Railway Bridge
  10. Road Bridge
  11. River
  12. Fence
Marsh or Swarm
Marsh or Swarm
House
House

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Temporary Adjustments of Prismatic Compass | Guide to Surveying

Temporary Adjustments of Prismatic Compass | Compass Surveying

In this article, we will be discussing step by step method for making Temporary adjustments in Prismatic Compass necessary for carrying out Compass Surveys.

  1. Fixing the compass to thr tripod
  2. Centering the compass
  3. Levelling the compass
  4. Sighting the object
  5. Observation of bearings

Fixing the compass to the tripod

The box of prismatic compass is fixed to a spindle of ball and socket joint. By the ball and socket arrangement, this can be quickly levelled and rotated in any direction.

Centering the compass

The prismatic compass is centered over a survey station correctly by means of a plumb bob or by dropping a pebble from the centre of the instrument.

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Designation of Bearings | Compass Surveying

Designation of Bearings | Guide to Compass Surveying

In my previous article, I discussed different types of Bearings in Compass Surveying. In this article, we will discuss in brief different designations given to the bearings depending on measurement of angles.

Designation of Bearings

  1. Whole circle bearing
  2. Reduced Bearing (RB) or quadrantal bearing (QB)
  3. Fore Bearing (FB) or forward bearing (FB)
  4. Back bearing or Backward bearing (BB)
  5. Calculated bearing

Whole Circle bearing

Bearings measured from north in a clockwise direction is termed as whole circle bearing.

The value varies from 0 degrees to 360 degrees.

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Classification of Bearings | Surveying

Types of Bearings | Guide to Surveying

It is an angle made by the survey line with reference to some fixed meridian.

Bearings are classified into three types:

  1. True bearing
  2. Magnetic bearing
  3. Arbitrary Bearing

True bearing

The angle made by a survey line with reference to the meridian is known as true bearing. It always remains constant.

Magnetic bearing

The angle made by a survey line with respect to magnetic meridian is known as magnetic bearing. It changes from place to place.

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Guide to Compass Surveying | Open and Closed Traverse

Compass Survey | Guide to Surveying and Levelling

Compass Survey is also known as Angular Surveying.

The branch of surveying in which the position of the object is located by angular measurements taken by the compass is known as “Compass Surveying”.

Purpose of Compass Surveying

When the area to be surveyed is relatively large, then the area cannot be divided into triangles.

For example:

Towns, colonies etc.

When the survey work is to be completed quickly

When the area is full of obstacles which prevent chaining.

Compass Surveying is unsuitable in areas having magnetic rock, iron core, power lines etc which attracts a magnet.

Traversing

A traverse is formed by joining the points on the ground by means of series of connected straight line.

There are two types:

  1. Open traverse
  2. Closed traverse

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Tape Correction, Sag Correction and Pull Correction | Surveying and Levelling

Tape Correction, Sag Correction, Pull Correction and Temperature Correction

In this article, I will list out different formulas for the respective corrections…

Tape Correction

The following corrections are to be made for measurements taken with a tape because tape can never be practically used under specified standard conditions.

Correction for absolute length

Absolute length of tape is its actual length under specified condition

Ca = Lc/L

Where, Ca = correction to be applied to the tape in ‘m’

Lc = measured length in ‘m’

L = nominal length of tape in ‘m’

Correction for temperature

Length of tape is increased with the increase of temperature and decrease with decrease of temperature.

Ct = A (Tm – Ts)

Where,

A = coefficient of thermal expansion per one degree Kelvin

Tm = temperature during the measurement in Kelvin

Ts = temperature at which the tape standardised in Kelvin

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Numerical Examples for Chain Surveying | Errors in Surveying

Numerical Examples for Errors in Chain Surveying

We will now move on with different numerical problems on the concept of Errors in Chain Surveying. Going through these numericals will actually give you an idea as to how the calculations are done inspite of errors occurring in the Chain Surveying.

Correction due to incorrect length of chain

This is like a formula list which is to be kept in mind while making Calculations:

True distance = L’/L*measured distance

True area = (L’/L)2*measured area

True Volume = (L’/L)3 * measured volume

Where, L’ = incorrect length of chain

L = correct length of chain

The length of a line measured with 20m chain was found to be 500m. It was subsequently found that the chain was 0.04m too long. What is the length of line?

Correct length of chain, L’ = 20 + 0.04 = 20.04m

Length, L = 20m

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